Cocktail and Mocktail Recipes

(Recipes are modified for classroom setting)

Rum-based Drinks

CUBA LIBRE
Sometimes simple just works. At least it does when a double shot of rum, some cola, and a dash of lime are involved.

Cuba Libre

GLASS: Highball Glass/Collins Glass (or any tall glass)
GARNISH: Slice of Lime/Lemon (half wheel)
TECHNIQUE: Build
INGREDIENT:
30 ml White Rum (Bacardi)
Fill Coke (Regular)

MOJITO
The Cuba Libre may have the actual name of Cuba in it, but the Mojito is the island nation’s most popular contribution to cocktail culture. The simple mix of white rum, lime juice, cane sugar, and soda is fresh and tropical without being cloying.

Mojito

GLASS: Highball Glass/Collins Glass/ Granite Glass (or any tall glass)
GARNISH: Mint
TECHNIQUE: Muddling
INGREDIENT:
30 ml White Rum (Bacardi)
Fresh Lemon/Lime Sliced Half-wheel (fruit to muddle)
3 Sprigs of Mint
15 ml. Sugar Syrup
Soda Water (if you want to make your Mojito sweeter, use Sprite instead)
30 ml. Lime Juice

Muddle mint sprigs with sugar and lemon juice.
Add rum and fill with soda water
Top with lime juice.
Garnish with mint leaves (sprig of mint leaves) & lemon sliced.

DAIQUIRI
The Daiquiri is often abused with fruit and blenders, but a true Daiquiri made with white rum, lime juice, and simple syrup is a clean and refreshing drink for any occasion.

Daiquiri

GLASS : Champagne Saucer/ Martini Glass/ Cocktail Glass
GARNISH: Sliced Lime/Lemon
TECHNIQUE: Shake
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. White Rum (Bacardi)
30 ml. Lime Juice
15 ml. Sugar Syrup

Bacardi

GLASS: Martini Glass/ Cocktail Glass
GARNISH: Sliced Lime/Lemon
TECHNIQUE: Shaken
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. White Rum (Bacardi)
30 ml. Lime Juice
15 ml. Grenadine Syrup

Frozen Daiquiri

GLASS: Water Goblet Glass/Goblet
GARNISH: None
TECHNIQUE: Blend
INGREDIENT:
60 ml. White Rum (Bacardi)
30 ml. Lime Juice
15 ml. Sugar Syrup
2 Scoops of Vanila Ice Cream

Blend all ingredients into blender (except ice cream) with crushed ice.
Add one scoop of ice cream. Blend until smooth and pour into chilled goblet.
Top with scoop of ice cream.

Pina Colada

GLASS: Poco Grande Glass
GARNISH: Pineapple Wedge and Maraschino Cherry
TECHNIQUE: Shake
INGREDIENT: 30 ml.
White Rum
45 ml. Coconut Cream
Fill Pineapple Juice

Prepare crushed ice and put it in poco grande glass
Shake rum and coconut cream, pour in poco grande glass.
Fill pineapple juice. Garnish

Another option: Use blend method. Put all the ingredient in the blender with crushed ice. Served. Garnished.

Gin-based Drinks

TOM COLLINS
Thirsty? You and Tom Collins belong together. The original Tom Collins made with gin, lemon, and soda water is the adult lemonade you’ve been looking for.

Tom Collins

GLASS: Collins Glass (Tall Drinks)
GARNISH: Lemon/Lime Sliced and Maraschino Cherry
TECHNIQUE: Build and Stir
INGREDIENT:
Old Tom Gin (Gin’s Brand Name)
30 ml. Gin
30 ml. Lime Juice or Fresh Lemon Juice
15 ml. Sugar Syrup
Fill Soda Water
Dash of Angostura bitter

To create “John Collins” Just use any brand of gin
John Collins and Tom Collins are just the same

GIN FIZZ
Plain Jane gin doesn’t work with the Gin Fizz, but a delicious craft gin can make the drink shine. The simple drink is a mix of gin, lemon, sugar, egg, and soda.

Gin Fizz

GLASS: Collins Glass
GARNISH: None
TECHNIQUE: Shaken
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Gin
30 ml. Fresh Lemon Juice
15 ml. Sugar Syrup
15 ml. Egg white (this can be an optional)
Soda Water

Add all ingredient except for soda water.
Dry shake (without ice) for 10 seconds.
Add cubes of ice then shake it again.
Strained using fined bar strainer into chilled glass.
Pour club soda

GIMLET
One sip of a Gimlet and it’s apparent why the classic cocktail is a favorite. Think of a proper Daiquiri, just with gin.

Gimlet

GLASS: Champagne Saucer (or Martini Glass/Cocktail Glass)
GARNISH: Lemon/Lime Sliced (or wheel)
TECHNIQUE: Shaken
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Gin
30 ml. Lime Juice
15 ml. Sugar Syrup

Note: Old Fashioned glass is a substitution

DRY MARTINI
A well-made dry Martini is elegance personified. The classic mix of gin and dry vermouth

Dry Martini

GLASS: Martini Glass/ Cocktail Glass
GARNISH: Olive
TECHNIQUE: Stir
INGREDIENT:
60 ml. Gin
15 ml. Dry Vermouth
Squeeze oil from lemon peel onto the drink

Pour all ingredient into mixing glass with ice cube.
Stir and strain. Squeeze oil from lemon peel onto the drink.

Perfect Martini

GLASS: Martini Glass/ Cocktail Glass
GARNISH: Lemon Peel with Maraschino Cherry
TECHNIQUE: Stir
INGREDIENT :
60 ml. Gin
15 ml. Dry Vermouth
15 ml. Red Vermouth

Pour all ingredient into mixing glass with ice cube.
Stir and strain. Garnish.

Sweet Martini

GLASS: Martini Glass/ Cocktail Glass
GARNISH: Maraschino Cherry
TECHNIQUE: Stir
INGREDIENT :
60 ml. Gin
15 ml. Red Vermouth

Pour all ingredient into mixing glass with ice cube.
Stir and strain. Garnish.
Note:
If served “ON THE ROCKS” Pour ingredients and a block of ice into old fashioned glass. Garnish.

Bronx

GLASS: Martini Glass/Cocktail Glass
GARNISH: None
TECHNIQUE: Shaken
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Gin
15 ml. Sweet Red Vermouth
15 ml. Dry Vermouth
30 ml. Orange Juice

Tequila-based Drinks

MARGARITA
Are you even a bartender if you don’t know how to make a Margarita? Tequila’s favorite vessel is one of the most well-known and craved cocktails in America.

Margarita

GLASS: Margarita Glass
GARNISH: Rimmed with salt (may add half wheeled lime)
TECHNIQUE: Shaken
INGREDIENT: 30 ml. Tequila
30 ml. Cointreau (if not available, use Tripple Sec)
30 ml. Lime Juice

Tequila Sunrise

GLASS: Highball Glass/Collins Glass
GARNISH: Orange Slice and Maraschino Cherry
TECHNIQUE: Build
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Tequila
Orange Juice (to fill)
Top with 15 ml. Grenadine Syrup to create chromatic effect. Do not stir.

Vodka-based Drinks

WHITE RUSSIAN
The Dude would be proud. The White Russian is a creamy milk, vodka, and coffee liqueur drink that by no means is designed for all drinking occasions, but does have a time and a place.

White Russian

GLASS: Old Fashioned Glass
GARNISH: None
TECHNIQUE: Build
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Vodka
60 ml. Kahlua
Cream Milk (to fill)

Black Russian

GLASS: Old Fashioned Glass
GARNISH: None
TECHNIQUE: Build
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Vodka
60 ml. Kahlua

COSMOPOLITAN
Made iconic in “Sex and the City,” the Cosmo is filled with vodka, triple sec, cranberry juice, and lime juice. It’s the liquid soul of the early aughts and New York City, and it refuses to go away.

Cosmopolitan

GLASS: Large Cocktail Glass or Martini Glass
GARNISH: Lemon Slice
TECHNIQUE: Shaken
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Vodka
30 ml. Lemon/Lime Juice
15 ml. Cointreau (if not available use triple sec)
30 ml. Cranberry Juice

BLOODY MARY
Brunch and breakfast will never let the Bloody Mary die. What else besides a house mix of tomato juice, vodka, and spices could make drinking in the early sunlight hours acceptable?

Bloody Mary

GLASS: Collins Glass/Highball Glass
GARNISH: Celery Stalk (and Lemon Wedge)
TECHNIQUE: Build
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Vodka
Tomato Juice (to fill)
15 ml. Lemon Juice
Dash Worcestershire Sauce
Dash Tabasco
Dash of Salt and Pepper

Add: Dash worcestershire sauce, dash Tabasco, dash of salt and pepper into highball glass. Pour all ingredients. Stir and garnish.

Screwdriver

GLASS: Highball Glass
GARNISH: Orange Slice
TECHNIQUE: Build
INGREDIENT:
45 ml. Vodka
Orange Juice (to fill)

Kamikaze

GLASS: Martini Glass/ Cocktail Glass
GARNISH: Lemon Twist
TECHNIQUE: Shaken
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Vodka
30 ml. Cointreau
30 ml. Lemon Juice (freshly squeezed)

God Mother

GLASS: Old Fashioned Gass
GARNISH: None
TECHNIQUE: Build
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Vodka
30 ml. Amaretto

Whiskey-based Drinks

GOD FATHER
More of a Scotch-forward mixed drink than a cocktail, the Godfather is an easy equal parts Scotch whisky and amaretto. It made the World’s 50 Best Selling Classic list for the first time this year.

This 1970s-era drink, named for the popular film The Godfather, is often made with equal parts, but this version from Whiskey: A Spirited Story with 75 Classic & Original Cocktails dials down the sweetness.

God Father

GLASS: Rock Glass (or Old Fashioned Glass as substitution)
GARNISH: None
TECHNIQUE: Stirred
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Bourbon/Whiskey/Scotch
15 ml. Amaretto

ROB ROY
The Rob Roy is the Scotch version of the classic Manhattan. It was invented at the Waldorf hotel in New York in 1894, and calls for a blended Scotch rather than rye whiskey.

That simple cocktail likely came to be because of Waldorf Astoria’s original location on Fifth Avenue in the lower 30s from 1893 to 1929, conveniently perched smack within the Great White Way, the original well-lit section of the city devoted to the stage arts.

It was here, according to Caiafa, also the author of “The Waldorf Astoria Bar Book,” that a Herald Square Theatre production of an operetta named “Rob Roy” by the composer Reginald De Koven inspired the birth of a drink. It’s a tidy origin story, no doubt. And though it lacks the often-cited exclamations of fuzzy impossible-to-pin characters in drinking lore, it’s a fairly plausible scenario. (Source)

Rob Roy

GLASS: Coupe or Cocktail Glass
GARNISH: Lemon Peel
TECHNIQUE: Stirred
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Blended Scotch
30 ml. Sweet Vermouth
1 dash of Orange Bitters or Angostura Bitter

More than One (1) Spirits

LONG ISLAND ICED TEA
It’s not for the faint of heart, and features rum, gin, vodka, tequila, and triple sec mixed into cola and citrus.

On paper, the Long Island Iced Tea is one hot mess of a drink. Four different—and disparate—spirits slugging it out in a single glass, along with triple sec, lemon juice and cola? The recipe reads more like a frat house hazing than one of the world’s most popular cocktails. And yet, somehow, it works.

That’s because the Long Island Iced Tea succeeds where so many of today’s refined cocktails fall short: It’s boozy AF—more than four ounces of alcohol against less than half that amount in mixers. Unless you’re a sailor on shore leave, that’s a red-flag ratio rife with morning-after consequences. It’s also precisely what a person needs every now and then. (Source)

Long Island Iced Tea

GLASS: Collins Glass (or any Tall Glasses as substitution)
GARNISH: Lemon Wedge
TECHNIQUE: Build
INGREDIENT:
15 ml. Gin
15 ml. White Rum
15 ml. Silver Tequila
15 ml. Vodka
15 ml. Triple Sec
15 m. Sugar Syrup
15 ml. Fresh Lemon Juice (substitution is Lime Juice)
Cola, to top

Add all the ingredients except the cola into a Collins glass with ice.
Top with a splash of the cola and stir briefly.
Garnish with a lemon wedge.

MAI TAI
Nothing represents the tiki movement quite like the Mai Tai. It’s hard to resist the lifeline to the tropics that is the Mai Tai — kitsch be damned.

Mai Tai

GLASS: Collins GLass or Highball Glass or Double Old Fashioned Glass
GARNISH: Lime Wheel, Mint Sprig
TECHNIQUE:
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. White Rum
15 ml. Orange Curacao
15 ml. Fresh Lime Juice
15 ml. Orgeat (Almond Syrup)
15 ml. Dark Rum

Add the White rum, curaçao, juice and orgeat into a shaker with crushed ice and shake lightly (about 3 seconds).
Pour into a double Old Fashioned glass, then float the Dark rum.
Garnish with a lime wheel and mint sprig. (Source)

CAIPIRINHA

Caipirinha

GLASS: Old Fashioned Glass
GARNISH: Fresh Lime cut into wedges/ Garnish with a lime wheel.
TECHNIQUE: Muddling/Muddle
INGREDIENT:
45 ml. Cachaca
1 Fresh Lime cut into wedges
15 gm. Sugar

In a double Old Fashioned glass, muddle the sugar and lime.
Fill with ice, add the cachaça, and stir briefly.

Note: Caipiroska-instead of Cachaca use Vodka

Others…

B52 (Build Method)

GLASS: Old Fashioned Glass
GARNISH: None
TECHNIQUE: Build
INGREDIENT:
30 ml. Kahlua
30 ml. Bailey’s Irish Cream
30 ml. Grand Marnier

Layered B52

GLASS: Double Shot Glass/Shooter Glass
GARNISH: None
TECHNIQUE: Layering and Flaming Method
INGREDIENT : 1
5 ml. Kahlua
15 ml. Bailey’s Irish Cream
15 ml. Grand Marnier

Layer the ingredient accordingly (Kahlua first, then Bailey’s, and lastly, Grand Marnier).
Use bar spoon with Grand Marnier to transfer flame into the shot glass.

References:

Hines, N. (2017, November 09). The 50 Most Popular Cocktails in the World in 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2019, from https://vinepair.com/articles/50-most-popular-cocktails-world-2017/

Zavatto, A. (2018, October 09). The Rob Roy: You’re Doing It Wrong. Retrieved February 24, 2019, from https://www.liquor.com/articles/how-to-make-rob-roy-cocktail/#gs.pNq0ac4g

Dietsch, M. (2016, June 30). The Godfather: A Whiskey Drink You Can’t Refuse. Retrieved January 29, 2019, from https://www.liquor.com/recipes/godfather/#gs.JOLc3WUa

Liquor.com. (2017, March 15). Classics You Should Know: The Long Island Iced Tea. Retrieved February 24, 2019, from https://www.liquor.com/recipes/long-island-iced-tea/#gs.bSsflL42

Liquor.com Staff. (2018, May 02). How to Make the Mai Tai. Retrieved February 24, 2019, from https://www.liquor.com/recipes/maitai/#gs.EfNmX4Aa

Geography 104: South America

This region is characterized by substantial inequality in the economic development of countries. And the capital cities here often have higher standards of living compared to other towns.

South America, fourth largest of the world’s continents. It is the southern portion of the landmass generally referred to as the New World, the Western Hemisphere, or simply the Americas. The continent is compact and roughly triangular in shape, being broad in the north and tapering to a point—Cape Horn, Chile—in the south.

South America is bounded by the Caribbean Sea to the northwest and north, the Atlantic Ocean to the northeast, east, and southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. In the northwest it is joined to North America by the Isthmus of Panama, a land bridge narrowing to about 50 miles (80 km) at one point. Drake Passage, south of Cape Horn, separates South America from Antarctica.

Relatively few islands rim the continent, except in the south. These include the glaciated coastal archipelagoes of Argentinaand Chile. The Falkland (Malvinas) Islands are east of southern Argentina. To the north, the West Indies stretch from Trinidad to Florida, but those islands usually are associated with North America. Of the remainder, most are small oceanic islands off the coasts of South America, including the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, in the Pacific Ocean.

Alphabetical list of capital cities in South America

Country	Capital city
A
Argentina	Buenos Aires
B
Bolivia	Sucre (de jure), La Paz (seat of government)
Brazil	Brasilia
C
Chile	Santiago
Colombia	Bogotá
E
Ecuador	Quito
G
Guyana	Georgetown

P
Paraguay	Asunción
Peru	Lima
S
Suriname	Paramaribo
U
Uruguay	Montevideo
V
Venezuela	Caracas

South American Trivia

South America, at (17,819,000 sq km), is the fourth largest continent in the world.
La Paz, Bolivia is the highest capital city in the world.
Brazil, at 8,456,510 sq km, (3,265,059 sq miles), is the fifth largest country in the world. Argentina, at 2,736,690 sq km, (1,056,636 sq miles) is the eighth largest.
Two of the five longest rivers in the world are in South America: the Amazon at 4,087 miles and the Parana at 3,032 miles. The Amazon is visible from space.

For sheer volume of water, the Amazon is the Greatest River.
The Amazon river basin is the largest contiguous tropical rainforest in the world. The Amazon and its tributaries form an area called Amazonia.
The Andes are the longest mountain range in the world, extending more than 4000 miles through seven countries down the western portion of South America.
The highest waterfall in the world is Angel Falls, Venezuela where water falls 3,281 feet from the top to the base in a series of steps.
Buenos Airesis the second largest city with with 11.96 million inhabitants living within the city limits. With those outside the city limits, it has 12.91 million inhabitants, making it the fourteenth largest city.
São Paulo, Brazil with 18.5 million inhabitants is the fifth largest city in the world and the largest in South America. Population Density
Lake Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in the world.

Buenaventura, Colombia with 267″ rain per year is the wettest inhabited place on earth. Other sources say Quibido, Colombia, the rainiest place in South America, receives more than 350 inches (890 centimeters) of rain.
The third, fourth and fifth inhabited places with the least recorded rainfall are Arica Desert, Chile 0.04″, Ica, Peru 0.1″ and Antofagasta, Chile 0.2″.

The Atacama desert of Chile with 54,000 sq. miles is the largest cool, coastal desert. The oasis at San Pedro de Atacama has supported life for thousands of years. Driest Place .
The Argentine Patagonian desert with 260,000 sq. miles is the second largest cold winter desert.
Suriname has the tenth lowest density population of 7.0 people per square mile.
Chile had the world’s greatest recorded earthquake in 1960. Greatest Earthquake
Iguazu Falls are shared by two countries: Argentina and Brazil.
The only still growing glacier is Perito Moreno. Read more about the Glaciers of Argentina
While most of South America was liberated from the colonial powers of Spain and Portugal, two small areas of the continent are still administered by European countries, and in terms of per capita income are the wealthiest areas of the continent. French Guiana is located on the north coast of the continent, while off the east coast of Argentina, the Falkland Islands, known as the Malvinas by Argentinians, is a British Overseas Territory.
The Amazon rainforest is considered to have the greatest biodiversity in the world, with hundreds of different animals species, around 40,000 plant species and a stunning 2.5 million different species of insects.
Religion is an important part of the culture in South America, and across the continent, around 90% of people identify themselves as Christians. 82% of the continent’s population consider themselves to be Roman Catholic.
Chile is home to the world’s driest non-polar desert, the Atacama Desert, and parts of the central desert area are known to regularly go without rain for up to four years at a time.
South America was discovered by the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci, and at the end of the 15th century and the start of the 16th century, he spent a long time exploring the eastern coast of the continent.

References:

http://www.countries-ofthe-world.com. (n.d.). List of South American capitals. Retrieved January 13, 2019, from https://www.countries-ofthe-world.com/capitals-of-south-america.html

Ramos, V. A., Avila, H. F., Germani, G., Griffin, E. C., Dorst, J. P., & Gade, D. W. (2018, September 26). South America. Retrieved January 13, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/place/South-America

http://www.tripsavvy.com. (n.d.). South American Trivia. Retrieved January 13, 2019, from https://www.tripsavvy.com/south-american-trivia-1635478

Brogan, A. (2018, October 28). 15 Things You Need to Know About South America. Retrieved January 13, 2019, from https://www.tripsavvy.com/interesting-facts-about-south-america-1637247

Uncle Sam and The American Dream

“I think that the US and the Philippines have always had a good relationship with each other. We’ve been colonized by the Americans and we have their culture in our traditions even up to this day. The Philippines is very welcoming with the Americans and I don’t see any problem with that at all.”
–Pia Alonzo Wurtzback
Representing Philippines during the Ms. Universe 2015
Top 5 Q&A portion

The USA is the world’s foremost economic and military power, with global interests and an unmatched global reach.

The United States originated in a revolution which separated it from the British Crown. The constitution, drafted in 1787, established a federal system with a division of powers which has remained unchanged in form since its inception.

Timeline

1565 – First permanent European settlement in North America.

17th-18th centuries – Hundreds of thousands of Africans brought over and sold into slavery to work on cotton and tobacco plantations.

1775 – American Revolution: George Washington leads colonist Continental Army to fight against British rule.

1787 – Founding Fathers draw up new constitution for United States of America. Constitution comes into effect in 1788.

19th century – Residual resistance by indigenous people crushed as immigration from Europe assumes mass proportions, with settlers moving westwards.

1861-1865 – US Civil War: Federalist forces defeat the Confederate pro-slavery states in the South. Slavery is abolished under the Thirteenth Amendment.

1929-33 – 13 million people become unemployed after the Wall Street stock market crash of 1929 triggers what becomes known as the Great Depression.

1941 – Japan attacks the US fleet at Pearl Harbour in Hawaii, precipitating the United States’ entry into World War Two.

1954 – Racial segregation in schools becomes unconstitutional; start of campaign of civil disobedience to secure civil rights for Americans of African descent.

2001 11 September – Co-ordinated suicide attacks on various high-profile targets by the al-Qaeda jihadist group, prompting the US to embark on a ”war on terror” which includes the invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq.

2008 – Barack Obama is elected the first black president of the United States.

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/71RymRbBm8L._SL1500_.jpg
Can you name the these states?

state	capital	population of capital: census	population of capital: estimated
Alabama	Montgomery	(2010) 205,764	(2017 est.) 199,518
Alaska	Juneau	(2010) 31,275	(2017 est.) 32,094
Arizona	Phoenix	(2010) 1,445,632	(2017 est.) 1,626,078
Arkansas	Little Rock	(2010) 193,524	(2017 est.) 198,606
California	Sacramento	(2010) 466,488	(2017 est.) 501,901
Colorado	Denver	(2010) 600,158	(2017 est.) 704,621
Connecticut	Hartford	(2010) 124,775	(2017 est.) 123,400
Delaware	Dover	(2010) 26,047	(2017 est.) 37,538
Florida	Tallahassee	(2010) 181,376	(2017 est.) 191,049
Georgia	Atlanta	(2010) 420,003	(2017 est.) 486,290
Hawaii	Honolulu	(2010) 337,256	(2017 est.) 350,395
Idaho	Boise	(2010) 206,100	(2017 est.) 226,570
Illinois	Springfield	(2010) 116,250	(2017 est.) 114,868
Indiana	Indianapolis	(2010) 820,445	(2017 est.) 863,002
Iowa	Des Moines	(2010) 203,433	(2017 est.) 217,521
Kansas	Topeka	(2010) 127,473	(2017 est.) 126,587
Kentucky	Frankfort	(2010) 25,527	(2017 est.) 27,621
Louisiana	Baton Rouge	(2010) 229,493	(2017 est.) 225,374
Maine	Augusta	(2010) 19,136	(2017 est.) 18,594
Maryland	Annapolis	(2010) 38,394	(2017 est.) 39,321
Massachusetts	Boston	(2010) 617,594	(2017 est.) 685,094
Michigan	Lansing	(2010) 114,297	(2017 est.) 116,986
Minnesota	Saint Paul	(2010) 285,068	(2017 est.) 306,621
Mississippi	Jackson	(2010) 173,514	(2017 est.) 166,965
Missouri	Jefferson City	(2010) 43,079	(2017 est.) 42,895
Montana	Helena	(2010) 28,190	(2017 est.) 31,429
Nebraska	Lincoln	(2010) 258,379	(2017 est.) 284,736
Nevada	Carson City	(2010) 55,274	(2017 est.) 54,745
New Hampshire	Concord	(2010) 42,695	(2017 est.) 43,019
New Jersey	Trenton	(2010) 84,913	(2017 est.) 84,964
New Mexico	Santa Fe	(2010) 67,947	(2017 est.) 83,776
New York	Albany	(2010) 97,856	(2017 est.) 98,251
North Carolina	Raleigh	(2010) 403,892	(2017 est.) 464,758
North Dakota	Bismarck	(2010) 61,272	(2017 est.) 72,865
Ohio	Columbus	(2010) 787,033	(2017 est.) 879,170
Oklahoma	Oklahoma City	(2010) 579,999	(2017 est.) 643,648
Oregon	Salem	(2010) 154,637	(2017 est.) 169,798
Pennsylvania	Harrisburg	(2010) 49,528	(2017 est.) 49,192
Rhode Island	Providence	(2010) 178,042	(2017 est.) 180,393
South Carolina	Columbia	(2010) 129,272	(2017 est.) 133,114
South Dakota	Pierre	(2010) 13,646	(2017 est.) 14,004
Tennessee	Nashville	(2010) 601,222	(2017 est.) 667,560
Texas	Austin	(2010) 790,390	(2017 est.) 950,715
Utah	Salt Lake City	(2010) 186,440	(2017 est.) 200,544
Vermont	Montpelier	(2010) 7,855	(2017 est.) 7,484
Virginia	Richmond	(2010) 204,214	(2017 est.) 227,032
Washington	Olympia	(2010) 46,478	(2017 est.) 51,609
West Virginia	Charleston	(2010) 51,400	(2017 est.) 47,929
Wisconsin	Madison	(2010) 233,209	(2017 est.) 255,214
Wyoming	Cheyenne	(2010) 64,019	(2017 est.) 63,624

United States, officially United States of America, abbreviated U.S. or U.S.A., byname America, country in North America, a federal republic of 50 states. Besides the 48 conterminous states that occupy the middle latitudes of the continent, the United States includes the state of Alaska, at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii, in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The conterminous states are bounded on the north by Canada, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The United States is the fourth largest country in the world in area (after Russia, Canada, and China). The national capital is Washington, which is coextensive with the District of Columbia, the federal capital region created in 1790.

List of US states with their area, nickname:

State (code)	Area (km²)	Area (mi²)	Nickname
Alabama (AL)	131,427	50,744	The Yellowhammer
Alaska (AK)	1,481,354	571,954	Last Frontier
Arizona (AZ)	294,314	113,635	Grand Canyon State
Arkansas (AR)	134,857	52,069	Natural State
California (CA)	403,935	155,960	Golden State
Colorado (CO)	268,628	103,718	Centennial State
Connecticut (CT)	12,548	4,845	Constitution State
Delaware (DE)	50,060	19,328	First State
Florida (FL)	139,670	53,927	Sunshine State
Georgia (GA)	149,977	57,906	Peach State
Hawaii (HI)	16,635	6,423	Aloha State
Idaho (ID)	214,315	82,747	Gem State
Illinois (IL)	143,961	55,584	Prairie State
Indiana (IN)	92,895	35,867	Hoosier State
Iowa (IA)	144,772	55,897	Hawkeye State
Kansas (KS)	211,901	81,815	Sunflower State
Kentucky (KY)	102,896	39,728	Bluegrass State
Louisiana (LA)	112,825	43,562	Pelican State
Maine (ME)	79,931	30,862	Pine Tree State

Maryland (MD)	25,314	9,774	Old Line State
Massachusetts (MA)	20,306	7,840	Bay State
Michigan (MI)	147,122	56,804	Wolverine State
Minnesota (MN)	206,190	79,610	North Star State
Mississippi (MS)	121,489	46,907	Magnolia State
Missouri (MO)	178,415	68,886	Show-Me State
Montana (MT)	380,831	147,040	Teasure State
Nebraska (NE)	199,100	76,873	Cornhusker State
Nevada (NV)	284,449	109,826	Silver State
New Hampshire (NH)	23,227	8,968	Granite State
New Jersey (NJ)	19,211	7,417	Garden State
New Mexico (NM)	314,311	121,356	Land of Enchantment
New York (NY)	122,284	47,214	Empire State
North Carolina (NC)	126,161	48,711	Old North State

North Dakota (ND)	178,648	68,976	Peace Garden State
Ohio (OH)	106,056	40,948	Buckeye State
Oklahoma (OK)	177,848	68,667	Sooner State
Oregon (OR)	248,632	95,997	Beaver State
Pennsylvania (PA)	116,075	44,817	Keystone State
Rhode Island (RI)	27,706	10,697	Ocean State
South Carolina (SC)	77,984	30,110	Palmetto State
South Dakota (SD)	196,541	75,885	Mount Rushmore State
Tennessee (TN)	106,752	41,217	Volunteer State
Texas (TX)	678,055	261,798	Lone Star State
Utah (UT)	212,752	82,144	Beehive State
Vermont (VT)	23,956	9,249	Green Mountain State
Virginia (VA)	102,549	39,594	Old Dominion
Washington (WA)	172,349	66,544	Evergreen State
West Virginia (WV)	62,361	24,078	Mountain State
Wisconsin (WI)	140,663	54,310	Badger State
Wyoming (WY)	251,490	97,101	Equality State

Image result for state flags and maps — http://i.imgur.com/wvEdA98.png
US States Flag Map

References:

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2018, April 27). List of state capitals in the United States. Retrieved January 11, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-state-capitals-in-the-United-States-2119210

Donald, D., Bradley, H., Schmidt, K., Economist Intelligence Unit, Lewis, P. F., Oehser, P. H., . . . Zelinsky, W. (2019, January 06). United States. Retrieved January 11, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States/

List of US states. (n.d.). Retrieved January 11, 2019, from https://www.sport-histoire.fr/en/Geography/List_of_US_states.php

Vila, A. C. (2015, December 21). FULL TEXT: Miss Universe 2015 Q&A with top 5 contestants. Retrieved January 11, 2019, from https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2015/12/21/1535034/full-text-miss-universe-2015-qa-top-5-contestants

http://www.bbc.com. (2018, November 08). United States country profile. Retrieved December 4, 2018, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-16761057

U.S. News. (n.d.). Everything You Need to Know For Your Trip to New York City. Retrieved December 4, 2018, from https://travel.usnews.com/New_York_NY/